The surge in ADHD (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder) diagnoses over the past decade has fueled debates on its underlying causes. While ADHD is a recognized neurodevelopmental disorder with genetic roots, its apparent rise has drawn attention to modern environmental factors, particularly the pervasive role of technology. Are our brains evolving to match our tech-driven lives, or is technology reshaping how we perceive mental health? This article explores whether ADHD is a product of our DNA, digital habits, or a complex interplay of both.

The Problem with the “Off” Switch

Dr. Sabine Donnai, an expert in preventative medicine and cognitive health, has observed profound changes in brain function over the years. She explains that constant technological stimulation has dulled our natural ability to “switch off.” This creates a state of heightened stress and hypervigilance, manifesting as high beta brain waves—associated with anxiety—persisting even during sleep. This phenomenon is not limited to adults; children, too, exhibit similar patterns, their brains constantly “on.”

The data supports this alarming trend. In England, the number of people on ADHD medication has tripled in a decade, with diagnoses rising particularly fast among affluent individuals and women. Dr. Donnai asserts that technology is a major culprit in this trend, training the brain to mimic ADHD-like behaviors. This raises the question: Is ADHD always genetic, or has technology conditioned some of us into a state of perpetual distraction?

Genetic ADHD vs. Tech-Induced Traits

According to Dr. Donnai, ADHD is an established condition that can be tested, but there’s a critical distinction between genetic ADHD and behaviors that resemble it due to overstimulation. For individuals without a genetic basis for ADHD, addressing the root cause—such as constant digital engagement—might prove more effective than medication. Dr. Donnai advocates for brain retraining techniques that focus on reducing dependency on external stimuli.

The “CEO Brain” Phenomenon

At Viavi, her Harley Street clinic, Dr. Donnai has conducted extensive research on brain health, including a study of 1,500 patients. Her findings reveal a fascinating pattern among high-performing individuals, whom she describes as having a “CEO brain.” This brain type is characterized by boundless optimism, sharp decision-making, and relentless energy—traits often linked to professional and personal success.

Interestingly, the “CEO brain” is not solely the result of lifestyle or upbringing. Genetic analysis revealed that 80% of these individuals possess a mutation in the COMT gene, compared to just 23% of the general population. This mutation increases dopamine levels, enhancing executive functions like focus and risk-taking. However, this genetic advantage comes at a cost. The same trait predisposes these individuals to burnout, stress, and difficulties in maintaining balanced relationships—a reminder that success often comes with its own challenges.

Beyond Genes: The Role of Neuroplasticity

While genetic predisposition plays a role in brain function, Dr. Donnai emphasizes the importance of neuroplasticity—the brain’s ability to reshape itself throughout life. Through lifestyle adjustments and deliberate mental practices, anyone can cultivate sharper focus, creativity, and resilience.

A healthy lifestyle is a cornerstone of brain health. Dr. Donnai notes that high-performing individuals prioritize clean living, eschewing smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and recreational drugs in favor of mindfulness and balance. Simple changes, like limiting caffeine intake to one cup per day, can have a profound impact. The key is to achieve what Dr. Donnai calls “cheetah focus”—a state of calm, measured concentration that allows for clear judgment.

Managing Technology Use

Digital overstimulation is a significant factor contributing to ADHD-like behaviors. Dr. Donnai advocates for practices such as “digital bundling,” where screen time is limited to specific activities or paired with exercise. For instance, some of her clients only use social media while on the treadmill, effectively capping their digital exposure.

Mindfulness and creative activities, such as building Lego models, also help relax the brain and counteract the effects of overstimulation. Interestingly, boredom—a state often avoided in our hyperconnected world—is seen as essential for fostering creativity and mental rejuvenation. Dr. Donnai discourages “extra-curricular parenting,” which leaves little room for free, unstructured time in children’s lives.

Childhood and Drive

Dr. Donnai’s research highlights the long-term impact of childhood experiences on brain development. Many individuals with “CEO brains” were driven from a young age by circumstances that demanded responsibility and resilience. For example, one patient credits his early involvement in household responsibilities—due to having an autistic sibling—as a key factor in developing his problem-solving skills and work ethic.

This drive, while beneficial for success, can sometimes become relentless. Dr. Donnai recounts the story of a client who, after selling his company for an enormous sum, immediately embarked on a new venture to “outdo” himself. While ambition is often celebrated, maintaining balance is essential for long-term well-being.

The Path Forward

The rise in ADHD diagnoses and the increasing role of technology in our lives underscore the need for a nuanced understanding of mental health. While genetics provide valuable insights into ADHD, environmental factors, particularly our digital habits, cannot be overlooked. By adopting brain-friendly practices and fostering balanced lifestyles, individuals can mitigate the effects of overstimulation and unlock their full potential.

Ultimately, the debate around ADHD—whether genetic or technology-induced—highlights the complex interplay between nature and nurture. By prioritizing mental well-being and understanding the brain’s adaptability, we can pave the way for healthier, more focused lives.

Most parts of this article are taken from an article on The Telegraph by Celia Walden and is retrieved from the url:

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2025/03/24/what-staring-at-a-screen-all-day-is-really-doing-to-brain/

All credit goes to Celia Walden