Beta-amyloid proteins are short chains of amino acids derived from a larger protein called amyloid precursor protein (APP). These proteins are naturally produced in the brain and have various roles, including regulating cholesterol transport and protecting against oxidative stress.

In Alzheimer’s disease, beta-amyloid proteins accumulate abnormally, forming sticky clumps known as amyloid plaques. These plaques disrupt communication between neurons, trigger inflammation, and contribute to the death of brain cells. While beta-amyloid proteins have some normal physiological functions, their excessive buildup is a key factor in the development of Alzheimer’s symptoms.