Risk factors for Self-Harm
Risk factors for Self-Harm
Risk factor | Examples |
Suicidal ideation | |
Previous suicide attempt | |
Suicide intent (i.e. extent to which an individual wishes to die) | |
Non-suicidal self-injury | |
Precipitating events | family conflict; loss of parent through death or divorce or living away from one or both parents; other interpersonal conflict; being a victim or perpetrator of bullying |
Sexual orientation and gender identity | |
Psychopathology | MDD/MDD severity/symptoms of MDD, such as feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, and low positive expectancies; bipolar disorders; alcohol use disorder and other substance use disorders; anxiety disorders; post-traumatic stress disorder; psychosis; eating disorders; ADHD; conduct disorder; personality disorders and characteristics (e.g. antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders); psychiatric comorbidity (i.e. more than one psychiatric disorder) |
Psychological and personality factors | impulsivity; impulsive aggression; neuroticism; perceived burdensomeness; poor coping and problem-solving abilities; low self-esteem; high levels of anger; perception of expectation of perfectionism; negative self-referential thinking (i.e. processing bias that over-emphasizes negative information) and negative inferential style (i.e. believing negative events predict negative outcomes in the future) |
Sleep problems | |
Family history of suicide | |
Childhood maltreatment | |
Psychiatric hospitalization | |
Contagion |