Bar and Pipal: The two Divine Trees in Love

In Hindu culture, trees hold immense religious significance, and this reverence extends to both the bar (banyan) tree and the peepal botanically known as Ficus religiosa or simply sacred fig. Both Bar and Pipal hold immense significance within Hindu culture, religious beliefs and spiritual practices. Revered as a sacred symbol, the Banyan tree is often regarded as the ‘Kalpavriksha,’ or the wish-fulfilling tree, in Hindu mythology. Its importance is not only rooted in religious narratives but also in its ecological and cultural contributions to society.

According to Hindu mythology, the Banyan tree is associated with various gods and goddesses. The Lord Brahma, The Vishnu and The Mahesh are the main three deities who control the universe’s creation, substance and destruction respectively. Lord Vishnu is believed to have rested under the shade of a Banyan tree after the creation of the universe. It is said that Lord Krishna (reincarnated version of Lord Vishnu) imparted the Bhagavad Gita to Arjuna under a Banyan tree, emphasizing its association with wisdom and divine knowledge.

Furthermore, the Banyan tree, otherwise known as the tree of life, is a symbol of life and fertility. Hindu women who hope to have children worship the Banyan tree and married women present offerings to the tree of life to pray for their husbands and sons to have long lives.

In the Hindu tradition, the Banyan tree is often seen as a symbol of longevity and immortality due to its ability to live for centuries and its expansive canopy that provides shelter to countless beings. Its aerial roots, which grow downwards and take root in the soil, signify stability and interconnectedness, reflecting the Hindu philosophy of unity and oneness.

The significance of the Banyan tree extends beyond mythology into daily religious practices. Many Hindus consider it auspicious to perform rituals and ceremonies under the shade of a Banyan tree. It serves as a sacred site for meditation, prayer, and offering rituals. Devotees often tie sacred threads around its trunk, seeking blessings for prosperity, health, and spiritual well-being.

Moreover, the Banyan tree plays a crucial role in ecological balance and environmental sustainability. Its dense foliage provides shade and shelter to numerous species of birds, animals, and insects. The aerial roots create a complex ecosystem, promoting soil stability and preventing erosion. Its large canopy acts as a natural air purifier, absorbing pollutants and releasing oxygen, thereby contributing to cleaner air and a healthier environment.

Another significant tree in Hinduism is the Peepal Tree, also known as Ficus religiosa. Like the Banyan tree, the Peepal holds profound religious significance in Hindu mythology and spiritual practices. It is believed to be the abode of Lord Vishnu and Goddess Lakshmi. The Peepal tree is often associated with enlightenment and spiritual awakening.

According to Hindu mythology, the roots of the Peepal tree extend into the underworld, connecting the earthly realm with the realm of the ancestors and spirits. Hence, it is often worshipped as a conduit between the mortal world and the divine realm, facilitating communication with departed souls and ancestors.

According to Hindu scriptures, Lord Buddha attained enlightenment while meditating under a Peepal tree, known as the Bodhi tree, in Bodh Gaya, India. This event, known as Bodhi Day, is celebrated by Buddhists worldwide and underscores the Peepal tree’s importance as a symbol of enlightenment and liberation from suffering.

The peepal tree is considered sacred by the followers of Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism and Buddhism. In the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna says, “I am the Peepal tree among the trees, Narada among the Deva Rishi (Divine sages), Bhrigu among the Saptha-Maharishis, Chitraratha among the Gandharvas, And sage Kapila among the Siddhas.”^[11] In India, the medal for the highest civilian award, Bharat Ratna, is modelled on the leaf of a Peepal tree.^[12]

In Hindu rituals and ceremonies, the Peepal tree is venerated for its sacredness and divine connection. Devotees offer prayers, light lamps, and perform circumambulation around its trunk as a form of worship and reverence. Its heart-shaped leaves are considered auspicious and are often used in religious offerings and rituals.

Furthermore, the Peepal tree holds ecological significance similar to the Banyan tree. Its extensive root system helps in soil conservation and prevents erosion. The large canopy provides shade and habitat for various species of flora and fauna, contributing to biodiversity and ecosystem balance.

Both the Banyan and Peepal trees play a crucial role in fostering community cohesion and social harmony. They serve as gathering places for religious congregations, cultural festivals, and social gatherings, bringing people together irrespective of caste, creed, or social status. The shade of these ancient trees provides solace and comfort to all who seek refuge under their canopy, fostering a sense of unity and solidarity among devotees and worshippers.

Banyan and Peepal trees occupy a central place in Hindu religious, cultural, and ecological traditions. They embody the timeless wisdom, spiritual enlightenment, and ecological sustainability that are integral to Hindu philosophy and way of life. As living symbols of divinity and interconnectedness, they remind us of our intrinsic bond with nature and the sacredness of all life forms. Protecting and preserving these ancient trees is not only a religious duty but also a moral imperative for ensuring the well-being of future generations and the harmony of the natural world.

Arranging marriage of banyan and peepal trees is one way of pleasing the God so that a barren woman can beget a child. But we organized this unique marriage to create awareness among the people on conserving the trees.

Banyan and peepal trees are considered as Lord Narayan and Goddess Laxmi by the people. And by getting them married we gain peace, prosperity and happiness,” said a priest. Interestingly, many villagers organize the marriage with fanfare and rituals including procession, feast and other traditions.

References:

1. The Importance of Banyan Tree in Indian Culture and Tradition” – Speaking Tree, https://www.speakingtree.in/allslides/importance-of-banyan-tree-in-indian-culture-and-tradition
2. The Sacredness of the Peepal Tree in Hindu Culture” – Sanskriti Magazine, https://www.sanskritimagazine.com/indian-religions/hinduism/the-sacredness-of-the-peepal-tree-in-hindu-culture/
3. The Significance of Peepal Tree in Hinduism” – AstroVed, https://www.astroved.com/astropedia/en/plants-trees/the-significance-of-peepal-tree-in-hinduism
4. The Importance of Banyan Tree in Hindu Culture” – Hindu Devotional Blog, https://www.hindudevotionalblog.com/2013/01/the-importance-of-banyan-tree-in-hindu.html
5. https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2018/Feb/26/banyan-tree-ties-the-knot-with-peepal-1779040.html#:~:text=A 54-year-old villager, people on conserving the trees.”
6. “The Banyan and the Peepal tree are considered to be Lord Narayan and Goddess Laxmi respectively by us. And by getting them married we gain peace, prosperity and happiness,” said priest Upendra Nath Pati. https://adishakti.org/_/high_caste_banyan_forced_into_arranged_marriage_with_lowly_peepal.htm
7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficus_religiosa#cite_note-11